Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor in advanced breast cancer during the COVID pandemic period: efficacy in relation to vaccination for SARS-COV 19

Introduction: More than 2 years after the WHO declaration of a pandemic, SARS-Cov-2 still represents a public health problem The pandemic has increased the complexity of cancer treatments including breast cancer. These difficulties were highlighted in adjuvant treatments but above all in metastatic disease. Vaccination has been one of the most important public health factors that has reduced deaths, hospitalizations and the severity of symptoms related to infection. In metastatic breast cancer hormone receptor positive and HER2/neu negative currently the first line of treatment is given by the association between cyclin 4/6 inhibitors and hormone therapy (aromatase inhibitors or fulvestrant) A well-known and frequent side effect of this therapy is the reduction of white blood cell values and neutrophils. The hypothesis that this study is to evaluate whether treatment with cyclin inhibitors initiated before the period of vaccinations may have influenced, due to the reduction in white blood cell values, an increased risk of infection in these patients. Material(s) and Method(s): In our study, we selected patients who had started treatment with cyclin inhibitors before starting the vaccination cycle (in Italy up to the fourth dose in cancer patients) and continue it without evidence of disease progression. All patients were offered a vaccination cycle with mRNA COVID vaccines and were followed during their cancer treatments. All patients, at least 90 days after the last dose of vaccine, have been tested for antibodies against SARS CoV-2 (trimeric spike protein) with a value expressed in binding antibodies unit (BAU) according to international standard WHO During the observation period (starting from the first dose of vaccine administered) the patients were clinically checked and in case of suspicion of infectious pathology with symptoms suggestive of SARS-COV-19 infection, they were tested with molecular swab Results: We evaluated 52 patients who started cyclin treatment before the vaccination course and who are currently without signs of disease recurrence During the study period we found 14 SARSCOV19 infections (28% of patients) and one patient with two infectious episodes. No patients needed treatment in a hospital or resuscitation setting. All patients have fully recovered from the infection and at most after 21 days have resumed the treatment still in place Statistically, a linear regression calculation was applied to evaluate a functional relationship between variables measured on the basis of sample data. We did not find a relationship between spikes or infections compared to the start date of the vaccination cycle;instead we observed a relationship between the value of the spike and the date of last immunization (considered as an active infection or fourth dose of vaccine) with a reduction in the values the further you go away Conclusion(s): The data of the study show that there is a correlation between the time elapsed between the last vaccination and the risk of getting sick. For this reason, the fourth recall represents a strong help to reduce this risk. We did not find any ranges we could refer to regarding the dosage of trimeric spike protein. Considering the positivity rate of infections that does not exceed the general vaccinated population and the absence of serious infectious symptoms with hospitalization, treatment with cyclin inhibitors appears to be a safe treatment even in a pandemic period. (Table Presented).

Personalized approach to mammography screening during the COVID pandemic: how to make up for lost time without losing effectiveness

Background: The epidemic start of Coronavirus disease it expanded in the first months of 2020. Italy was among the first European countries to be affected and those affected more intensely: the first case was reported on 02.20.2020 The entire health system has been disrupted and reorganized due to the impact of the pandemic on hospitals The suspension of first-level screening services in Italy occurred in the months of March and April 2020 on throughout the national territory, starting from May 2020 the screening programs were reactivated albeit with different timing and intensity between the regions and within of each single region.

Tectonics for an architectural pedagogy. The One Person House project and new theoretical paradigms

This paper presents the methodological assumptions and the results of an educational path developed during the Covid-19 lockdown. Starting from a reflection on the construction of a minimum living space, the design theme developed was the concept of a one-person house (OPH) to cope with additional lockdowns and social distancing in the future. A process of research by design pursued through four propaedeutic exercises, anthropomorphically inspired and conceptually linked by ideal and progressive actions of assembly and control of measurement. A pedagogy of design based on the material nature of architecture, following a construction philosophy that focuses on one of its founding principles, tectonics, or the art of assembly. © 2020 Festival Architettura Edizioni. All rights reserved.